In case of an allergy in the body, the immune responses are distorted, as a result of which antibodies are produced against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. The allergy diet helps to reduce the tension of immunity in case of violation of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet developed (in infants).The article lists hypoallergenic foods, lists foods that should not be eaten, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
The food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this usually does not cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation into amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. The allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains, and fruits that grow in the human region, are not bright red in color, and do not contain many of the proteins and immune substances from which they were derived.
When it comes to food allergies, rememberyou can't eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross-allergy to legumes. These are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives and food additives that cause real and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoking, many carcinogenic substances are formed.
Mushroom.It is rich in protein, difficult to ferment, and contains chitin and glucan in the cell wall.
They are legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - known as a rich source of vegetable proteins that serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk also contains antibodies that create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it comes (cows, goats, etc. ).
Egg.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of M-antigen, a protein resistant to heat treatment, was found in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have a similar pollen structure or that belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). In response to pollen, it is easier to determine which foods should be avoided.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to the denaturation that occurs during its preparation, its sensitizing ability is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminosises are associated with manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms when foreign peptides first enter the body, as well as the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food consumed. Such reactions occur on bright red, sometimes orange fruits and vegetables (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicthe diet requires the elimination of primary allergens(with exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, walnuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk derivatives - milk powder and cheeses), ormoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; blueberries; apricots; cranberries; fatty meats with rich broths; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
foods subjected to partial fermentation during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Shopping list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, and oatmeal and pearl barley.
Low-fat products made from sour milk without additives, home-made ones are better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Bread from buckwheat, rice or corn.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabaga, pumpkin, zucchini, turnip.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apple, pear, white currant and cherry, gooseberry.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip soup, weakly brewed tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition in case of allergies
Food allergies for children and adults are prescribed in the form of medical tables. List of products and menus aaccording to nutrition tables 5 and 9.
In children
The antiallergenic diet for children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that increase the reaction and the preparation of a diet that is gentle on the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, the immaturity of the liver, or a smaller amount of enzymes than in adults). Hypoallergenic products with a low fat content should be used, with sufficient carbohydrate consumption. Thereforeappropriate medical table No. 5, with the exception of food immune irritants.
Table No. 5
It is also used for digestive disorders, liver and gall bladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (the ratio of animal and vegetable protein is 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Pastries:dried, made from bran flour and Class I flour, yesterday's bread, premium, lean cookies.
Impossible: fresh pastries, muffins.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with hard-boiled cereals (wheat, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
Impossible: broth, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean varieties: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; they were cooked and eaten without the skin. The meat is boiled and steamed in the form of minced meat or whole pieces (chicken).
It is impossible: brain, kidney, smoked and sausage products, fried and cooked meat in pieces, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Varieties with low fat content, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of slices and whole pieces.
Impossible: fried, in pasta, fatty varieties; salted, steamed, canned; caviar.Dairy product.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups and cereals.
Impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; bulk and hard cheeses; whole and dry milk.Egg.0. 5-1 pcs / day; simmer and cook.
Impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other foods.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (in limited quantities), vermicelli, semolina and rice puffs, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumber.
Impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned goods, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, pureed, cooked form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Sauces.In vegetable soup, on a decoction of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
Impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, meat, fish, mushroom soup; fatty and spicy dressings.Drinks.Green weak tea without additives; pear, apple and gooseberry compote; from dried fruits; rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); compotes from bright red berries; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (in limited quantities).
The time for which a person should be on an antiallergenic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If a skin rash appears when canceling the diet, and the manifestation of the allergy recurs, then the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table No. 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires the restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, therefore primarily lactose, sucrose, etc. prescribed for adults and children suffering from intolerance.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g/day (50-60% - of animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal/day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein-bran bread, from 2nd class flour; protein wheat. Unsweetened cakes and pastries (at the expense of bread).
Impossible: muffins, puff pastry, products made with premium flour.Soups:vegetable; borscht and cabbage soup in weak broth; beetroot; weak broths from simple meat and fish; okroshka from vegetables / with meat; soups with meat (without fat).
Impossible: rich, fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (tenderloin / balls); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). Steamed, boiled, steamed; then boiled meat after light frying cut into small pieces and a piece.
Impossible: smoked meats, sausage, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, fried without oil. Canned tomatoes (limit).
Impossible: fatty species, exotic sea fish species; Seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and oil preserves; caviar.Dairy product: low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%) or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Unsalted, low-fat types of cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
Impossible: cream; sweet cottage cheese; hard and salty cheeses.Egg:up to 1. 5 pcs/day; boiled (soft-boiled, hard-boiled); steam protein omelet; reduce the consumption of egg yolks.
Cereals:in moderation (according to the carbohydrate norm): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumber, tomato and beetroot (limited), carrot, broccoli, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, pumpkin. Steamed, boiled, fried foods; limited - fried.
Impossible: pickling, preservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable (zucchini) caviar, fresh salads, soaked herring, fish spit, meat, diet cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
Impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausage, lard, liver and mushroom snacks, pickles, canned goods.Fruits, sweets: fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:in low-fat vegetable, weak meat and fish soups; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Drinks:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip soup.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, soda, grape and other juices from sweet fruits/berries.Fats:lean olives and unsalted butter.
Impossible: meat and cooking fat (fried, fat, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for nursing mothers avoids food reactions in newborns and reduces gas formation in the baby. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Neural control of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system adapts: previously the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, and gastric juices begin;
the enzyme is produced in limited quantities in the baby's body. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). The protection of the body is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When creating a diet for breastfeeding women, it is important that it contains enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the growing adaptability of the child's body, the hepatitis B diet should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new food. Products.
1-2 weeks
Totally excluded (what is impossibleeateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broth;
oily and marine fish;
fruit;
white cabbage;
milk;
egg;
muffins and pastries made from premium flour;
Honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Biscuits from 1st class flour, bran flour;
lean types of fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apple;
potato;
sugar;
tea.
The diet is based on (frugalhypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak broths from lean meat;
vegetables and broths from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; squash, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
medicinal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: biscuits made from 1st class flour or bran; dried bread with bran (can be - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter, no more than 1 piece / day), biscuits (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, except:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to prepare cereals. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of nursing mothers.
egg.In cooked form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of the baby's reaction - increase to 1 piece per day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red regions:pumpkin, yellow apple (from 1/4 apple per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); the increase of potatoes in the diet; beetroot (boiled 1 tablespoon grated); tomatoes (start by adding tomato puree (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (up to 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in fried/boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (parts with low fat content - balls, tenderloin, etc. ). Increasing liver intake, gradual introduction of chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always adapted to the child. If the baby has rashes when turning on a new product, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
For 3 months, the intestinal nervous system has not yet formed, so you cannot eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation phase is complete. Now a woman can gradually include all foods in her diet, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus fruits and strawberries.
The other products are introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (colic, appearance of rashes). Soups containing legumes should be included in the child's diet from 4-5 months of age, starting with 1/4 portion.
In a day, 1 new product is introduced to track your baby's condition. Therefore, borscht and other complex foods should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (carrots, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced for children, so dietary restrictions cannot be observed (except for the above hyperallergens).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), 1 teaspoon as the first dose. Porridge is cooked in breast milk and water, without adding fats or spices. At the first feeding, homemade fermented milk drinks from low-fat (2. 5%) milk can be given: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child receives only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
At lunch time (12: 00 p. m. ), complementary foods are introduced and the baby is breastfed. For a week, the child must adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, in the morning (8: 00-9: 00 a. m. ) the previously introduced product is given, and for lunch the new products.